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This process is known as evidence-based argumentation. The figure below explains the three components of a scientific argument – the claim (or the explanation), the evidence (or the observations), and the rationale (or the reasoning). Reasoning that explains the evidence and why it supports the claim.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5KKsLuRPsvU
Hypothesis: If something is wrong with the outlet, my coffeemaker also won’t work when plugged into it. Experiment: I plug my coffeemaker into the outlet. Result: My coffeemaker works! Conclusion: My electrical outlet works, but my toaster still won’t toast my bread.
The definition of a scientific explanation is a reason for something on the principles of science. An example of a scientific explanation is a logical reason for a ghost sighting.
1)The theory is used to make hypothesis. 2)An experiment is designed to test the hypothesis. 3)The results prove or disprove the hypothesis.
All successful explanations have a clear and logical structure to them, using words, images and analogies that pupils understand and well-chosen examples to illustrate key features.
For example, we know that all organisms are made of cells and need to maintain homeostasis and must reproduce to stay alive. Therefore, since humans are organisms, we can then deduce that humans are made of cells, maintain homeostasis and reproduce. Deductions are based on valid reasoning.
CER all starts with a question asked by the teacher. This question is based on a phenomena or lab experience. The student’s explanation or answer, as you may have guessed, will consist of three parts: a claim, the evidence, and the student’s reasoning. A claim is a statement that answers the question.
Always write the method section in the past tense. Be descriptive. Provide enough detail that another researcher could replicate your experiment, but focus on brevity. Avoid unnecessary detail that is not relevant to the outcome of the experiment.
Among the most common forms of explanation are causal explanation; deductive-nomological explanation, which involves subsuming the explanandum under a generalization from which it may be derived in a deductive argument (e.g., “All gases expand when heated; this gas was heated; therefore, this gas expanded”); and …
Definition: thinking in terms of abstractions or symbols, being able to think about many variables or dimensions at the same time, being able to think in terms of probabilities and proportions. Systematic hypothesis-testing is the heart of scientific thinking.
Scientific explanation uses theories, deductive and inductive logic, and empirical observation to determine what is true and what is false. … Scientists develop and test theories by using deductive logic, trying to show that empirical observations are instances of more general laws.
This includes the departments of learning and bodies of fact in disciplines such as anthropology, archaeology, astronomy, biology, botany, chemistry, cybernetics, geography, geology, mathematics, medicine, physics, physiology, psychology, social science, sociology, and zoology. An example of science is biology.
Use evidence (e.g., measurements, observations, patterns) to construct or support an explanation or design a solution to a problem. Identify the evidence that supports particular points in an explanation. Apply scientific ideas to solve design problems.
A scientific theory or explanation must be tested using hypothesis derived from the theory. An experiment or set of observations are used to test the explanation. The results of the experiment or set of observations are used to evaluate the theory.
The Experimental Process
The four basic steps of the process are: Forming a Hypothesis. Designing a Study and Collecting Data. Analyzing the Data and Reaching Conclusions.
Clearly written, complete sentences require key information: a subject, a verb and a complete idea. A sentence needs to make sense on its own. Sometimes, complete sentences are also called independent clauses. … You can identify an independent clause by reading it on its own and looking for the subject and the verb.
The causal-conception can easily account for the three key features of explanation that we have been discussing: Something can be known to occur, without knowing what caused it to occur (knowledge v. understanding); We can know that C was the cause of E without also needing to know what caused C (why regress);
Humans are curious creatures, and our curiosity drives a search for explanations. So while this search may fit squarely in the realm of science, it is hardly confined to the pursuits of scientists and intellectuals. … By helping us understand our environment, explanations give us some control over our lives.
Scientific Reasoning, as the name implies, doesn’t test your knowledge, but rather tests your ability to reason, as well as your ability to analyze and understand data. The questions provide you with everything you need to know – you have to reason your way through like a scientist using the scientific method.
There are four basic forms of logic: deductive, inductive, abductive and metaphoric inference.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JGOxVIgmGWE