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To run the t-test, arrange your data in columns as seen below. Click on the “Data” menu, and then choose the “Data Analysis” tab. You will now see a window listing the various statistical tests that Excel can perform. Scroll down to find the t-test option and click “OK”.
t-Tests Use t-Values and t-Distributions to Calculate Probabilities. Hypothesis tests work by taking the observed test statistic from a sample and using the sampling distribution to calculate the probability of obtaining that test statistic if the null hypothesis is correct.
Calculating a t-test requires three key data values. They include the difference between the mean values from each data set (called the mean difference), the standard deviation of each group, and the number of data values of each group. The outcome of the t-test produces the t-value.
Calculate your T-Value by taking the difference between the mean and population mean and dividing it over the standard deviation divided by the degrees of freedom square root.
The basic format for reporting the result of a t-test is the same in each case (the color red means you substitute in the appropriate value from your study): t(degress of freedom) = the t statistic, p = p value. It’s the context you provide when reporting the result that tells the reader which type of t-test was used.
The t test tells you how significant the differences between groups are; In other words it lets you know if those differences (measured in means) could have happened by chance. … A t test can tell you by comparing the means of the two groups and letting you know the probability of those results happening by chance.
A test statistic is a standardized value that is calculated from sample data during a hypothesis test. The procedure that calculates the test statistic compares your data to what is expected under the null hypothesis. … A t-value of 0 indicates that the sample results exactly equal the null hypothesis.
A t-test is used to compare the mean of two given samples.
Like a z-test, a t-test also assumes a normal distribution of the sample. A t-test is used when the population parameters (mean and standard deviation) are not known.
The parametric test called t-test is useful for testing those samples whose size is less than 30. The reason behind this is that if the size of the sample is more than 30, then the distribution of the t-test and the normal distribution will not be distinguishable.
T-Test vs P-Value
The difference between T-test and P-Value is that a T-Test is used to analyze the rate of difference between the means of the samples, while p-value is performed to gain proof that can be used to negate the indifference between the averages of two samples.
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Thus, the t-statistic measures how many standard errors the coefficient is away from zero. Generally, any t-value greater than +2 or less than – 2 is acceptable. The higher the t-value, the greater the confidence we have in the coefficient as a predictor.
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The t statistic is the coefficient divided by its standard error. … It can be thought of as a measure of the precision with which the regression coefficient is measured. If a coefficient is large compared to its standard error, then it is probably different from 0.
A negative t-value indicates a reversal in the directionality of the effect, which has no bearing on the significance of the difference between groups.
If the computed t-score equals or exceeds the value of t indicated in the table, then the researcher can conclude that there is a statistically significant probability that the relationship between the two variables exists and is not due to chance, and reject the null hypothesis.
In statistics, the t-statistic is the ratio of the departure of the estimated value of a parameter from its hypothesized value to its standard error.
The Estimated Standard Error and the t Statistic (cont.) A large value for t (a large ratio) indicates that the obtained difference between the data and the hypothesis is greater than would be expected if the treatment has no effect.
To run an Independent Samples t Test in SPSS, click Analyze > Compare Means > Independent-Samples T Test. The Independent-Samples T Test window opens where you will specify the variables to be used in the analysis. All of the variables in your dataset appear in the list on the left side.
A one sample test of means compares the mean of a sample to a pre-specified value and tests for a deviation from that value. For example we might know that the average birth weight for white babies in the US is 3,410 grams and wish to compare the average birth weight of a sample of black babies to this value.
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Find the t-value for which you want the right-tail probability (call it t), and find the sample size (for example, n). Find the row corresponding to the degrees of freedom (df) for your problem (for example, n – 1). Go across that row to find the two t-values between which your t falls.